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Trade
Liberalization in the 1990s
New World Order Series: Volume
8
H.W. Singer;
Neelamber Hatti & Rameshwar Tandon (Eds) |
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Now in 1990 it seems like free trade is breaking out all over. While the case for free trade is not based on any stylized theories of perfect competition or general equilibrium, this "new" protectionism was stimulated by several factors e.g. ongoing recession in the world economy, fiscal and balance of payments deficits, oil-related problems, fantastic growth of manufactures exports by several
NICs in South Asia and Latin America.
Since the late 1980s there has been no significant improvement in the basic conditions that contributed to current crisis in the world trading system. Hence there is a need for greater transparency in domestic policies and greater awareness of its impact on the national and international economy.
While tariffs on a number of items have been cut beyond the reductions agreed in the Tokyo Round, recent
UNCTAD studies revealed that the MFN tariffs in the developed countries remained practically unchanged during 1987-88. The point of the Uruguay Round negotiations now is to establish rules governing trade in the last years of the century and the first years of the next.
This volume brings together recent research relating to following elements of trade liberalization:
- Macro economics of trade liberalization
- Free trade versus managed trade
- Restrictiveness of non-tariff measures: Some evidence
- Outward orientation and macro imbalances
- Developing Countries' interests
- Expansion of mutual preferences versus MFN reductions in tariffs
- Reform proposals for the multifibre arrangement
- Emerging patterns of world trade and exports from the South.
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| Introduction
Acknowledgements
Contributors
PART - A
Macro Economics of Trade Liberalization
- Protection, Liberalization and Macroeconomic Policy --W. Max Corden
- Voluntary Export Restraints, Escape Clause Protectionism and Economic Development --D. Salvatore
- Is Non-discrimination Really Dead? --Richard H. Snape
- Strengthening GATT Surveillance of Trade-related Policies --Richard Blackhurst
- The Recent Erosion of the GATT Discipline --Dilip K. Das
PART - B
Free Trade Versus Managed Trade
- Contemporary Protectionism in an Unstable World Economy: Lessons for Developing Countries --Enzo Grilli
- The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Agricultural Commodities: An Empirical Investigation --Montague J. Lord
- Liberalizing OECD Agricultural Policies in the Uruguay Round: Effects on Trade and Welfare --R. Tyers and K. Anderson
- Industry-Specific Strategies in a Protectionist World --Robert Ballance
PART - C
Restrictiveness of Non-Tariff Measures: Some Evidence
- Empirical Evidence Concerning the Magnitude and Effects of Developing Country Tariff Escalation --Samuel Laird and Alexander J. Yeats
- The Political Economy of Transient "New" Protectionism --Carl B. Hamilton
- Criteria to Identify Import Injury --Tracy Murray, Robert Ballance and Helmut Forstner
- Voluntary Export Restraints in the Presence of Monopoly Power --Richard Pomfret
PART - D
Outward Orientation and Macro Imbalances
- The Indirect Approach to Trade Liberalization: Dynamic Consideration on Liberalization-cum-Stabilization Policies in Latin America --Heinz Gert Preusse
- Foreign Trade Liberalization in an Arch-Type Import Substituting Economy: The Case of Turkey
--Fikret Senses
- International Trade Liberalization and Exchange Rate Variability --Hiroya Akiba
- Tariff Protection in a Labour-Surplus Economy --Sandwip Kumar Das
PART - E
The Uruguay Round and Developing Countries' Interests
- Interests of Developing Countries in the Uruguay Round --Bela Balassa
- India in the Uruguay Round --Ashok V. Desai
- Protection in Agriculture and Manufacturing--Meeting the Objectives of the Uruguay Round --Gary P. Sampson
- The Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations and the Third World Interests --Rameshwar Tandon
PART - F
Expansion of Mutual Preferences Versus MFN Reductions in Tariff
- On the Potential for Expanding South-South Trade through the Extension of Mutual Preferences among Developing Countries --Refik Erzan, Samuel Laird and Alexander J. Yeats
- Tariff Reductions and Tariff Redundancy in ASEAN Countries --Rolf J. Langhammer
- Asian Preferences and the Gains from MFN Tariff Reductions --Dean A. DeRosa
- LDC Benefits under Special Tariff Provisions of the United States: A Comparison --Jose A. Mendez and Tracy Murray
- Trade and Welfare Effects of the European Scheme of the Generalized System of Preferences --Drusilla K. Brown
PART - G
Reform Proposals for the Multi-Fibre Arrangement
- Liberalizing the Multi-Fibre Arrangement: Some Aspects for the Netherlands, The EC and the LDCs
--
K. A. Koekkoek and L. B. M. Mennes
- The Pseudo-Economics of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement:A Proposal for Reform --Gary P. Sampson
- Effects of the MFA on Developing Countries' Trade --Refik Erzan, Junichi Goto and Paula Holmes
PART - H
Emerging Patterns of World Trade and Exports from the South
- The Evolving Pattern of World Trade, EC Trade Policy and Exports from the South --Jean Waelbroeck and Jacob Kol
- Discriminatory Protection of the British Textile and Clothing Industries --Lynden Moore
- Foreign Trade Regime, Exchange Rate Policy, and the Structure of Incentives --Alberto Valdes and Ammar Siamwalla
- Trade in Agrarian Products and Services: How Free should it be?
--Kunibert Raffer
- Policy Responses to Shifting Comparative Advantage: Designing a System of Emergency Protection --Bernard M. Hoekman and Michael P. Leidy
Index
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Hans
Singer was born in 1910 in the Rhineland. He first studied
economics and social problems at the University of Bonn
where he was much influenced by his teacher Joseph Schumpeter
and Arthur Spiethoff. Since 1969 he has been a Professorial
Fellow at the Institute of Development Studies and Professor
of Economics at the University of Sussex, now Emeritus.
Among his books are Unemployment and the Unemployed;
Economic Development of Under-developed Countries; Economic
Development of the Brazilian North-East (with others);
The Role of Economist as Official Adviser; International
Development, Growth and Change; Perspectives in Economic
Development, The Strategy of International Development,
Technologies for Basic Needs; Rich and Poor Countries;
and The International Economy and Industrial Development.
Neelamber Hatti is mainly involved in research at the
Department of Economic History, University of Lund,
Sweden. Dr. Hatti has written extensively on Trade,
Aid and Rural Development, and Microdemography. He has
also taught at the University of Copenhagen and has
been a visiting Senior Fellow at the Scandinavian Institute
of Asian Studies. He has recently authored (with Rameshwar
Tandon) the study, Exports and Development: The Indian
Experience.Rameshwar Tandon has been involved in teaching
and research work for the last three decades. Now he
works at the Institute for Social and Economic Change,
Bangalore, India. Among his books are Some Perspectives
on India's Trade Policy: Prebisch-Singer Hypothesis
and Terms of Trade (Peripheral Capitalism in the 1980s);
and Exports and Development: The Indian Experience (with
Neelamber Hatti).
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